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設計單位? c+d設計中心

項目地點? 江蘇無錫

建成時間? 2024年8月

建筑面積? 26043平方米

本文文字由設計單位提供。

▲ 項目視頻? ?DC國際

新坊實驗中學位于無錫市新吳區新光路上，西側緊鄰春陽實驗小學，東側有河。這是我們在2022年完成概念設計的項目，經過近兩年的圖紙深化和建造，學校于今年9月份順利開學。

Xinfang Experimental Middle School is located on Xinguang Road in Xinwu District, Wuxi, with Chunyang Experimental Primary School on the west and the river on the east. The conceptual design of this project was completed during 2022, and after two years’ deepening design and construction, this project was successfully opened in September of this year.

項目用地面積約1.5萬平方米，要求提供30個班級及1.7萬平米的地上建筑面積。毫無疑問，這必然導致一個高容積率、高密度的結果。同時，三角形的用地，也給建筑布局帶來了更大的困難和挑戰。另外，本案原是在春陽實驗學校現有的小學部基礎上擴建初中部，建成后改為獨立運營使用，因此設計整體遵循的是改造擴建的邏輯。

With a site area of about 15,000 square meters, the project is required to provide 30 classes with an above-ground floor area of 17,000 square meters. Undoubtedly, this inevitably leads to a high floor area ratio and high density. At the same time, the triangular shape of the site brings greater difficulties and challenges for the architectural layout.Besides, this project was intended to be an expansion of existing Chunyang Primary School as the junior high school at the beginning. But after completion, the project was converted to independent operation and use. So the design as a whole follows the logic of expansion and remodeling.

基于以上條件，設計要解決的問題非常明確：既要在既有建筑的基礎上，處理好新舊建筑之間的整體關系，又要在高密度、高容積率的條件下，提供適宜的空間尺度及盡可能豐富的空間體驗，同時還需盡可能充分地利用場地為數不多的景觀資源，與東側的景觀河形成良好的對話。

Based on the conditions mentioned above, the problems need to be solved by the design are very clear: not only to deal with the overall relationship between the old and new buildings on the basis of the existing buildings, but also to provide appropriate spatial scales and as rich as possible spatial experience under the conditions of high density and high floor area ratio, and at the same time, to make full use of the landscape resources of the site as much as possible, forming a good dialogue with the river on the east side.

肌理

Texture

現狀小學部建筑主體為傳統的魚骨式布局，中間為公共走廊，左右兩側分布了三或四排建筑體量，分別用作普通教室和專業教室，并形成半圍合的公共庭院。在此基礎上，中學部的設計對應補充設置了四條新的魚骨，并順應東側沿河的邊界拉通了一個長條形的體量。

The main body of the existing primary school building has a traditional fishbone layout, with a public corridor in the center and three or four rows of building volumes on left of right side which are filled with standard classrooms and specialized classrooms, forming a semi-enclosed public courtyard in between. Base on this, the design corresponds to the existing layout directly with an addition of four new fishbones and a long straight volume along the river on the east side

如此一來，原本半開放的庭院空間被擴大并圍合成三個新的景觀庭院，底層可互相滲透，人們站在連接處的二層室外平臺上，可同時看到兩側庭院中正在發生的活動場景。這樣的做法使原本類似的六個庭院產生差異，形成不同的空間尺度和氛圍，新舊建筑也自然地耦合成一個密不可分的有機整體。

It expands the original semi-open courtyard space of the existing primary school and encloses it into three new landscaped courtyards. The courtyards can penetrate into each other on the ground floor. Standing on the outdoor platform on the second floor which connects the existing part and the newly built part, one can see the activities happening in the courtyards on both sides. At the same time, it also makes the original six similar courtyards different from each other, with varied spatial scales and atmospheres, while the old and the new buildings are naturally combined as a whole.

退臺

Stepping back

退臺是本案最為核心的設計策略，方案通過它達到了以下幾個效果：

Stepping back is the key strategy of this design, which solves several problems as below:

更好的日照和通風條件：建筑從最南側的兩層體量依次向北逐漸升高至六層，南低北高的布局使盡可能多的房間獲得充足日照。同時，相鄰庭院間設置貫穿建筑體量的開放洞口，形成通風路徑，從而為更多房間爭取到更好的通風條件。良好的日照和通風可在一定程度上遏制病菌滋生，為學生提供更健康舒適的學習、生活環境，這也是今日以健康為導向的全新設計意識和設計策略。

Better sunlight and ventilation：The building volume rises from 2 storeys on the southernmost side to 6 storeys on the northernmost side, which forms the layout of low-in-south and high-in-north, allowing as many classrooms as possible to obtain sufficient sunlight. At the same time, somewhere on the building volumes between two courtyards is hollowed out to form ventilation paths, thus ensuring better ventilation for more classrooms. Abundant sunlight and ventilation help to a certain extent to curb the breeding of germs, providing students with a healthier and more comfortable learning and living environment, which is also a new health-oriented design consciousness and strategy consciously generated.

更適宜的空間尺度：由于退臺的存在，建筑尺度得以被更好地控制。傳統模式下可能存在的二十五米寬、五至六層高的壓抑空間尺度，大部分被消解為一至二層。大量前無遮擋、直面河流和遠方的屋頂平臺，讓學生呼吸順暢。建筑尺度的消減不僅帶來身體的放松，也同時帶來了精神的愉悅。

More appropriate spatial scales：Thanks to the terraces which are formed by stepping back strategy, the scale of the building can be better controlled. The oppressive spatial scale of 25 meters wide and 5~6 storeys high, which might exist under the traditional model, is mostly dissolved into 1~2 storeys, with a large number of roof terraces facing the river and the distant place without any obstruction, which also allows students to breathe more freely. The reduction of architectural scale not only brings relaxation to the body, but also brings pleasure to the spirit at the same time.

更豐富、更生動的建筑形式：退臺在建筑體量塑造方面的優勢是毋庸置疑的。本案在極其緊張的用地內，不僅通過退臺解決了功能需求、日照通風、室外空間、建筑尺度等關鍵問題，還順勢形成了豐富而生動的建筑體量，層層疊疊，如同大山。這種體量形式完全由功能需求推演而來，需要入口廣場就折進去一條，需要與一期銜接就拉出來一片，形成一種邏輯性的而非裝飾性的審美體驗。最終“橫看成嶺側成峰”，在不同的位置、角度、高度，都將得到完全不一樣的觀感。

Richer and more vivid architectural forms：There is no doubt about the advantage of the setback in shaping the volume of the building. In this case, within the extremely limited site area, stepping back strategy not only solves the problems such as functions, sunlight, ventilation, outdoor space, architectural scale, etc., but also forms a rich and vivid architectural form, layer by layer, like a mountain. And this form is completed deduced from the functional demand: pushing in where there need to be an entrance plaza, pulling out where there need to be connected to the existing primary school, which forms a kind of logical rather than decorative aesthetic experience. Eventually, the newly built part presents a completely different sense of view from different positions, angles, and heights.

更多、更便捷的室外活動空間：高密度校園面臨的一個關鍵問題是室外活動空間不足，而室外活動空間對中小學生來說又是至關重要的。“退臺”則是在高密度校園中提供更多室外活動空間的絕佳策略。本案通過使用這一手法，幾乎可以保證每層教室都有直接對應的室外活動空間。考慮到課間十分鐘時間短暫，較之傳統模式，高密度環境下不得已而為之的退臺設計反而能讓學生獲得更多的室外活動時間。最終的設計，也幾乎把所有被建筑體量占據的室外場地還給了學生。

More and easier access to outdoor spaces：One of the key problems with high-density campus is the lack of outdoor space, which is essential for primary and secondary school students. “Stepping back” is an excellent strategy for providing more outdoor space in a high-density campus. In this case, with design and organization of terraces, each floor is guaranteed an outdoor activity space serving exclusively to the classrooms of the same floor. Compared to the short break of 10 minutes between classes, the stepping-back design in the high-density environment seems to be an easier way to buy more time for outdoor activities. In the final scheme of the design, all of the outdoor space, except where is occupied by the architecture, has almost been returned to the students.

空間

Space

雖然面臨著場地小、密度高的客觀難題，設計還是盡可能設置了一些更具體驗性的建筑空間。東面沿河一側，設置有幾處兩層通高的公共空間，可以作為休閑和互動的場所，也可以成為眺望河景的觀景臺。建筑的西南角，結合多功能廳，設置有一處下沉的室外廣場，作為閱讀天地。一層中間位置，結合合班教室，設置了一處有大臺階的活動表演區，還有帶天窗的開放空間等等。

Although facing the objective difficulties of small site and high density, the design still set up some more experiential architectural spaces as much as possible. For example, on the east side along the river, several two-story public spaces have been set up, which can be used as places for leisure and interaction, or for looking at the river view when standing here; in the southwest corner of the building , a sunken outdoor plaza has been set up close to the multi-functional hall, which can be used as a place for reading; in the center of the ground floor, a performance area with terraces and an open space with skylight have been set up close to the combined classrooms.

螺獅殼里做道場，即便空間再小，我們還是希望能營造一處高低錯落、明暗相間、曲折有致的富有趣味的空間場所。

Even though the space is small and limited, we still hope to create an interesting space with rich height variations, light and shadow, twists and turns.

立面

Fa?ade

建筑體量和空間完成之后，對建筑立面而言，實際只需將各層的水平欄板拉通即可。但從常規的“設計”角度來說，“立面設計”是個必選動作，無法繞開，因此不得不動些腦筋。

After completion of architectural volume and space, there is not much left to do with the fa?ade, which is actually enough by pulling though the horizontal railing on each level. However, from the conventional “design” perspective, the “fa?ade design” is a mandatory action which cannot be bypassed, which cost us a second thought.

因東側有河，我們順勢在立面上做了一些變化，概念上稱之為“水波紋”，其實是延續了多年前甬江實驗學校的立面做法，但是做了一些升級，使其更有立體感。在夜景燈光的照射下，墻面居然真的波光粼粼起來。站在東側312國道上看，建筑在水中形成倒影，猶如航行于海上的大船。無意間，建筑本身倒成了“書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟”的另一種詮釋。

Since there is a river on the east side, we made some changes called “water ripples” to the fa?ade, which is actually a continuation of fa?ade practice of the Yongjiang Experimental School many years ago, but with some upgrades to make it look like more three-dimensional sense. When the lightings are turned up at night, the fa?ade looks like really sparkling up. Standing on the 312 national highway and looking from the east side, with the reflection of the fa?ade in the water, the building looks like a big ship sailing on the sea. Unintentionally, the building itself has become another interpretation of “there is no royal road to learning”.

結語

Epilogue

本案是在極端場地條件下，對高密度校園設計的一次探討和嘗試。大策略上，方案只通過“退臺”這一招，同時解決掉功能需求、日照通風、室外空間、建筑尺度等一系列關鍵問題；小手法上，設計則通過通高、下沉及路徑曲折，營造出立體園林般的空間效果。本案的現場體驗更勝于攝影照片，令人倍感欣慰。

This project is an attempt to explore the design of a high-density campus under extreme site conditions. In terms of general strategy, only through “Stepping back”, a series of key issues such as functions, sunlight, ventilation, outdoor space, building scale and so on are solved at the same time. In terms of specific method, through double height, sinking space, and zigzag path, a spatial effect of three-dimensional garden has been created. As a matter of fact, the on-site experience of this project is much better than the photographs, which is very gratifying.

完整項目信息

項目名稱：無錫市新吳區新坊實驗中學

項目類型：建筑

項目地點：無錫市新吳區江新光路與312國道交叉口西北側

建成狀態：建成

設計時間：2022年05月—2023年02月

建設時間：2023年05月—2024年08月

用地面積：15015平方米

建筑面積：26043平方米

設計單位：c+d設計中心

設計單位聯系方式：branding@dccd.com.cn

主創建筑師：董屹

設計團隊完整名單：張春偉、曾永金，韓忠義，孫蘭，牛新穎，徐智慧，楊德川

景觀：江蘇省城歸設計有限公司

室內：南京金陵建筑裝飾有限責任公司

施工圖：江蘇省城歸設計有限公司

業主：無錫市新吳區重點建設項目管理中心

攝影師：DC國際

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