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加茲溫市劇院 / GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
City Theater of Qazvin / GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
由專筑網Zia，小R編譯
該項目是加茲溫城市劇院，建筑地面兩層，帶有地下室，經過多年的等待，這座公共建筑以黑盒子的形式為專業戲劇表演提供了合適的空間，也為藝術家和戲劇愛好者提供了用于街頭戲劇的開放空間。該項目的場地原本使用效率很低，因此先進行了拆除，而后重新對此2200平方米的區域進行了規劃設計。總建筑面積為1970平方米，建筑的底層由玻璃體量構成，容納了項目的通用空間，包括劇院排練室、會議室、管理辦公室、問訊處、售票處和咖啡館。這個玻璃體量充當了上方白色立方體的基座，主劇院表演廳就位于其中。白色立方體放置在玻璃體量之上，展現了一種抽象的懸浮感。白色磚立方體包含主劇院廳（黑盒子）及其等候區等功能。地下室樓層包括衛生間、布景搭建工作室、儲藏區和設備用房。該建筑由加茲溫市政府于2018年構想，以回應加茲溫戲劇藝術家們的請求，因為他們此前缺乏專業的戲劇表演場所。
The current project is the City Theater of Qazvin, a two-story structure with a basement. After long years of waiting, this public building provides a suitable space for professional theater performances in the form of a Black Box. It has also provided artists and theater enthusiasts with open spaces intended for street theater. The project was designed on a 2,200-square-meter plot acquired after demolishing an inefficient urban area, which included several stalls in disrepair. The total floor area is 1,970 square meters. The ground floor of the building consists of a glass volume where the general project spaces, including theater rehearsal rooms, meeting and arbitration rooms, management offices, information desks, ticket sales, and a cafeteria, are located. This glass volume serves as a base for the white cube above, where the main theater performance hall is located. The white cube is placed exactly above the glass volume, providing an abstract sense of suspension. The first floor (the white brick cube) includes the primary theater hall (the Black Box) along with its waiting area. The basement floor includes restrooms, a workshop for set construction, storage areas, and utility spaces. This building was envisioned by the Qazvin Municipality in 2018 in response to requests from Qazvin theater artists, who lacked a professional venue to perform theater.
該項目位于加茲溫市中心，這是一塊毗鄰該市最重要、龐大且歷史悠久的公園的地塊。這塊土地此前容納了許多破舊低效的攤位，已成為一個社會治安問題，且缺乏功能性。通過收購和拆除這些攤位中的大部分，為建造新的城市劇院項目創造了合適的用地。因此，隨著新的公共文化中心的建設，這個城市空間得到了有效的振興。目前，僅剩三個攤位尚未拆除，因為市政府還未能成功收購。因此，在后期設計階段對項目場地進行了調整，以容納這些剩余的攤位。當設計團隊受邀設計該項目時，所有明顯存在磨損痕跡且社會環境惡劣的攤位仍保留原狀。因此，將低效的城市空間轉變為充滿活力、生機勃勃且安全的環境，便成為設計團隊首要的設計目標。
The municipality selected a plot adjacent to one of the city's most significant, large, and historic parks in the center of Qazvin City for this project. This land previously housed a number of run-down and inefficient stalls, which had become a social security problem and lacked functionality. By acquiring and demolishing the majority of these stalls, a suitable plot for constructing the new city theater project was created. Consequently, this urban space was effectively revitalized with the construction of a new public cultural center. Currently, only three of the said stalls remain, as the municipality was unable to acquire them. Consequently, the project site was adjusted in the later design stages to account for these remaining stalls. When our team was selected to design the project, all of the stalls with clear signs of wear and tear and poor social conditions were still in place. Thus, transforming an inefficient urban space into an active, dynamic, and safe environment became our primary design objective.
項目的設計時間只有不到2個月，時間非常短暫，這個緊迫的期限對設計團隊來說是一個重大挑戰；另一個關鍵挑戰是由于建筑靠近城市大型歷史公園而帶來的高度限制。主要樓層（地面以上部分）的總高度不能超過8米。然而，劇院需要至少5米的凈高，同時還需要容納額外的空間。考慮到場地面積狹小以及該文化綜合體所需的空間，建筑師得出結論需要將建筑設計為三層。擁有220個座位的主廳空間需要最大的面積。因此，它位于一層，這是建筑中最大的樓層。同時，額外的空間被安排在地面層和地下室樓層。
We were ordered to design the project and prepare its construction plans in an extremely short timeframe of less than two months. This short deadline was a significant challenge for the design team. Another critical challenge was the height restriction of the building due to its proximity to the city's large, historic park. The total height of the main floors could not exceed 8 meters above street level. However, the theater required a minimum ceiling height of 5 meters, along with the need to accommodate additional spaces. Considering the small area of the site and the necessary spaces for this cultural complex, we concluded that we need to design the building with three floors. The Main hall space, with a seating capacity of 220, required the most surface area. Thus, it was placed on the first floor, which is the largest one in the building. Meanwhile, additional spaces were placed across the ground and basement floors.
為確保三層建筑不超過7米高度限制，建筑師將場地深挖2米，并將底層置于該下沉區域，同時設計了地下室，最需要高度的劇場廳位于地面層。此方案既滿足了項目所需空間，又解決了高度限制問題。開挖形成的臺階便成為為寬闊的階梯平臺，既為公園散步者提供休憩坐席，也滿足劇院周邊街頭表演的觀眾需求。由此，建筑與街道、公園、人行道等城市環境無縫融合，成為社區中充滿活力的組成部分。戲劇藝術家每日在此排練演出或研讀劇本，孩子們與同學朋友共賞木偶戲，戲劇愛好者每晚觀賞演出。宗教節日期間，民眾更聚集于此觀看名為“塔茲耶”的宗教表演。晨間公園常客不再看見破舊攤位，取而代之的是通透的白色磚砌結構，以獨特方式重塑了城市景觀。
To ensure the three-story building did not exceed the 7-meter height limit, we excavated the site by 2 meters and placed the ground floor in said lowered area. Additionally, we designed a basement. The first floor, which required the most height for the theater hall, was positioned on the ground floor. This approach accommodated all the necessary spaces for the project and resolved the height issue. Additionally, the excavation created ledges that were designed as wide steps that provide seating for passersby in the parks and street performance spectators around the theater building. As a result, the building integrates seamlessly with its surrounding urban environment, including the street, park, and sidewalks, and has become a vibrant and active part of the community. Theater artists visit this building daily to rehearse their performances or read plays. Children come to enjoy puppet shows alongside their classmates and friends, and theater enthusiasts watch performances each night. People even gather there on special religious days to watch religious performances known as Ta'ziyeh. Instead of the old, dilapidated stalls, people who regularly exercise in the park in the mornings now see a porous white brick structure that has transformed the urban landscape in a unique fashion.
項目場地位于加茲溫的梅拉特公園旁，本項目設計的重點有兩個：
1. 項目毗鄰梅拉特公園的古樹和充滿活力的綠色景觀；
2. 將建筑轉變為戲劇藝術家和戲劇藝術愛好者的中心尤其重要，因為加茲溫此前缺乏專業的戲劇場所。
The site was located adjacent to Mellat Park in Qazvin. Two key points were the focus of this project's design:
1. First, the proximity of the project to the aged trees and vibrant greenery of Mellat Park
2. Second, turning the building into a hub for theater artists and dramatic arts enthusiasts. This was particularly important as Qazvin previously lacked a professional theater venue.
因此，建筑的落成不能影響公園的景觀視線，這與建筑的劇院功能形成了矛盾的挑戰——劇院需要在剛性的“黑盒子”中成形。卡茲溫的戲劇界一直呼吁建造“黑盒子”表演廳，因為該市此前缺乏此類設施。為化解此矛盾，建筑師以輕盈通透的白磚盒體包裹黑盒子劇場，為增強視覺輕盈感并營造懸浮效果，建筑主體采用懸挑結構架設于玻璃盒之上。隨后通過場地開挖，將盒體嵌入下沉式庭院，從而為劇場大廳創造出所需的高度。
Consequently, we needed to refrain from designing a rigid structure that would obstruct the park's green landscape. This posed a paradoxical challenge with the building's theater purpose, which needed to take shape within a rigid "Black Box". Qazvin's theater community had requested the construction of a "Black Box" style performance hall since this type of facility was previously unavailable in the city. We encased the black box theater inside a light and porous white brick box to resolve this paradox. To improve the visual lightness and create a sense of suspension in the form, we cantilevered the structure above a glass box. Then, we excavated the site and placed the boxes inside the sunken courtyard in order to create the necessary height for the theater hall.
通過這種方法確保了建筑的高度不會阻礙公園的景觀。此外，體量之間的多孔性讓建筑外部和內部之間保持持續的視覺連接。磚幕墻采用干式技術（無砂漿）建造。磚塊之間的縫隙填充了為此項目專門定制的特氟龍（Teflon）構件。這種磚幕墻將一層的等候廳轉變為一個獨特的環境。一方面，光線和陰影透過磚縫相互作用，創造出一種全天變化的氛圍；另一方面，等候廳內的人與外面的公園和街道之間存在著持續的視覺聯系。這使得內部的人能夠清晰地感受到公園樹木的存在。由于該樓層與公園的高度齊平，訪客可以從等候廳內部欣賞到人們在公園和街道上漫步、鳥兒飛翔、樹葉搖動以及周圍自然美景的景色。等候廳中的這種透明度、光線、反射和開闊視野與表演廳形成了有趣的對比。
Using this method ensured that the building's height did not obstruct the park's views. Additionally, the porosity among the volumes allowed for a constant visual connection between the building's exterior and interior. The brick curtain was constructed using a dry technique (without mortar). The space between the bricks was filled with custom-designed Teflon components that were molded explicitly for this project. This brick curtain has transformed the waiting hall on the first floor into a unique environment. On one side, the interplay of light and shadow through the spaces in the bricks creates an atmosphere that changes throughout the day. On the other side, there is a constant visual connection between those inside the waiting hall and the park and street outside. This allows those inside to clearly experience the presence of the park trees. Since this floor is level with the park's height, visitors can enjoy views of people strolling through the park and the street, the flight of birds, the movement of tree leaves, and the natural beauty of the surroundings from inside the waiting hall. This transparency, light, reflections, and open views in the waiting hall have a meaningful contrast to the performance hall.
當訪客離開這個透明的空間，進入黑暗且光線昏暗的表演廳時，他們與城市的聯系被徹底切斷，接下來便是見證和專注于導演為他們準備的戲劇時刻。為了吸引公眾來到這個場所，建筑師設計了三面的寬闊樓梯，這些臺階充當了觀看街頭表演的座位，同時也為市民提供了一個聚集和消磨時間的絕佳區域。
As visitors exit this transparent space and enter the dark and dimly lit performance hall, their connection to the city is utterly severed. Then comes the time to witness and concentrate on the play the directors have prepared for them. To invite the public to this site, wide staircases were designed on three sides. These steps serve as seating for watching street performances and also provide a great area for citizens to gather and spend time.
建筑設計：GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
類型：文化建筑
面積：1970 m²
項目時間：2023年
攝影：Deed Studio, Erfan Dadkhah
主創建筑師：Mahdi Karimi, Samira Fadakari
設計團隊：Maryam Rahmani, Farzaneh Hosseini, Ali Nemati, Jafar Barkhordari
技術團隊：Milad Norouzifar
總承包商：Maharband Sazan Alborz co.
城市：加茲溫市
國家：伊朗
Cultural Architecture•Qazvin, Iran
Architects: GRI co. (Golden Rectangle Idea Consulting Engineers)
Area: 1970 m²
Year: 2023
Photographs: Deed Studio, Erfan Dadkhah
Lead Architects: Mahdi Karimi, Samira Fadakari
Category: Cultural Architecture
Design Team: Maryam Rahmani, Farzaneh Hosseini, Ali Nemati, Jafar Barkhordari
Technical Team: Milad Norouzifar
General Contractor: Maharband Sazan Alborz co.
City: Qazvin
Country: Iran
本文版權歸腿腿教學網及原創作者所有，未經授權，謝絕轉載。
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