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設計單位? 35-51 ARCHITECTURE office

項目地點? 伊朗阿爾達坎

建成時間? 2023年

建筑面積? 448平方米

攝影? Arash Akhtaran, Abbas Yaghooti, Hamid Abbasloo, Mohammad Reza Amouzad

本文英文原文由35-51 ARCHITECTURE office提供，由有方編譯。

伊朗文化中對逝者的尊重始終占據著特殊的位置。這種尊重體現在陵墓、紀念堂、地穴的建造上，以至于幾乎沒有一個地區、城市或村莊沒有修建這類建筑。這種對逝者的關注延續了近千年的墓葬建筑傳統，并在漫長的發展歷程中經歷了多種形式與風格的演變。

Respect for the dead has always held a special place in Iranian culture. This respect has manifested itself in the construction of tombs, mausoleums, and crypts in such a way that there is almost no region, city, or village where such structures have not been built. This attention to the deceased has preserved the tradition of building tombs with a history of nearly 1,000 years. This tradition has undergone various formal and stylistic transformations over its centuries-long history.

從伊歷四世紀的塔狀與穹頂式建筑，到伊歷十一世紀的亭閣式陵墓，從封閉的體量到與外部環境互動的空間，從紀念性墓葬到朝圣性墓葬，從個人陵墓到集體墓園，從簡約構造到宏大精細的建筑，這一傳統始終在發展與變化中延續至今。

From the early examples of towers and domed buildings in the 4th century AH to pavilion-like tombs in the 11th century AH, from enclosed volumes to those interacting with the external environment, from commemorative to pilgrimage tombs, from individual graves to collective burial sites, and from simple structures to grand and detailed buildings—these are all part of this tradition.

Shafaq陵墓延續了這一歷史傳統，但并不只是重復過去。通過“陌生化”伊朗陵墓與朝圣建筑中的象征符號與概念，設計試圖以當代表達回應伊朗的歷史、文化與信仰。

The Shafaq Tomb continues this historical tradition but does not merely repeat the past. Instead, it seeks a contemporary expression of Iran’s history, culture, and beliefs. It pursues this goal by defamiliarizing the symbols and concepts of Iranian mausoleum-pilgrimage architecture.

例如，Shafaq陵墓將傳統高高在上的穹頂移至人的尺度，通過象征的手法使其更具親近性，同時使其更契合現代社會理念；同樣，傳統做法中位于穹頂下方的銘文，也從封閉空間中被釋放出來，以現代書法繪畫的形式呈現，形成一種歌頌自由的畫面。

For example, it removes the dome from its traditional, inaccessible position and places it at a human scale, symbolically democratizing it and aligning it with modern societal concepts. Similarly, the traditional inscription, typically located beneath the dome, is liberated from its confined space and redesigned as a modern calligraphic painting, transforming it into a canvas that celebrates freedom.

Shafaq陵墓在處理與環境的關系上也采取了類似的策略。它將一個私人紀念陵墓轉化為通往墓園的門戶，使之成為一個公共空間，模糊了紀念性與實用性建筑之間的界限。

The Shafaq Tomb takes the same approach in its relationship with its surroundings. By turning a private mausoleum into a gateway for entering the cemetery, it transfers the space into the public domain, blurring the line between a commemorative structure and a functional one.

此外，借鑒伊朗傳統地域建筑中被稱為Sabat的通道，它在阿爾達坎的沙漠城市中創造了一片遮陽空間，不僅為朝圣者與路人緩解酷熱，也成為適宜舉行宗教集會的場所。Shafaq陵墓由此成為介于私人紀念碑與公共空間之間的建筑。

Additionally, inspired by the covered passageways of traditional regional architecture, known as Sabats, it creates a covered space that not only reduces the desert heat in the city of Ardakan for pilgrims and passersby but also provides a suitable environment for religious gatherings. In this way, it lies in the intermediate space between a private monument and a public arena.

總之，Shafaq陵墓追求的是最大的包容性：它既重視個體也重視群體，既尊崇神圣也承認日常生活的意義，既承接傳統也追求現代。因此，它不僅延續了陵墓與朝圣空間的象征意義與功能特征，也轉化為屬于城市與民眾的空間。

In conclusion, the Shafaq Tomb seeks maximum inclusiveness. It values both the individual and the collective, respects the sacred while recognizing the significance of the ordinary and everyday, and embraces the past while striving for modernity. Thus, in addition to preserving the symbolic and functional aspects of mausoleum-pilgrimage structures, it transforms into a space for the city and its people.

設計圖紙 ▽

完整項目信息

Architecture Firm: 35-51 ARCHITECTURE office

Firm Location: Iran / Tehran

Lead Architects: Hamid Abbasloo, Abbas Yaghooti, Neda Adiban Rad

Design Team: Mohammad Reza Aghaie

Calligraphy Artist: Mohammad Reza Amouzad

Phase 2 & Construction Consultant: Javad Hadavandi

Structure: Majid Koolivand

Glaze Artist: Shirin Soroudi, Mehdi Rahimi

Mechanical: Hadi Salehi

Construction Manager: Naser Akbarzadeh

Construction Supervisor: Mostafa Jafari

Construction Collaborators: Mohammad Reza Khani, Hashem Rezaie, Mohammad Hafiz, Mehdi Masumi, Jalil Mohamadi, Reza Arabi

Photo: Arash Akhtaran, Abbas Yaghooti, Hamid Abbasloo, Mohammad Reza Amouzad

Design Year: 2014

Completion Year: 2023

Gross Built Area: 448 m2

Project location: Ardakan / Yazd / Iran

本文英文原文及圖片由35-51 ARCHITECTURE office授權有方發布，編譯版權歸有方空間所有。歡迎轉發，禁止以有方編輯版本轉載。