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在朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭期間，釜山成為一座避難之城。隨著人口劇增，山坡成為僅存的可居住之地。難民用拾來的材料搭建起臨時房屋，這些自發(fā)形成的聚落逐漸演變?yōu)槌錆M活力、關(guān)系緊密的社區(qū)——以獨特的方式順應(yīng)了地形的坡度。

During the Korean War, Busan became a city of refuge. With the population surging, the hillsides were the only land left to settle. Refugees built makeshift homes from salvaged materials, forming improvised villages that evolved into vibrant, tightly knit neighborhoods – uniquely adapted to the slope.

這些危機(jī)中誕生的社區(qū)，卻成為了釜山城市風(fēng)貌與精神的象征。如今，這些山坡住區(qū)處于城市的黃金地段，但陡峭的道路與老舊的建筑已無法滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需求。市場上普遍的應(yīng)對方式——高層塔樓住宅——雖能帶來舒適與高效，卻往往削平地形，抹去了那些曾賦予山坡生命的街道活力。那么，是否存在另一種可能？

Born of crisis, they became a signature of Busan’s landscape and spirit. Today, those same neighborhoods sit on prime ground, but steep lanes and aging structures no longer meet contemporary needs. The default market response – the tower estate – delivers comfort and efficiency but flattens terrain and suppresses the very street life that once defined these hillsides. Is there an alternative?

本項目由釜山建筑節(jié)（BAF）與韓國住房與建筑部合作開發(fā)，提出了兩種再開發(fā)的案例研究。OMA提出一種可適應(yīng)性的更新方法，將非正式社區(qū)的優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化為一種新的模型，使街區(qū)更加生動、天際線更具秩序。

This project, developed with the Busan Architecture Festival (BAF) and the Department of Housing and Architecture, presents two case studies for redevelopment. We propose an adaptable method, translating the strengths of informal neighborhoods into a new model for lively streets and coherent skylines.

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊選擇了兩處對比鮮明的場地：位于釜山市中心的Yeongju與夾在林木山脊間的Anchang。兩者的差異為我們提供了理想的、可復(fù)制的測試樣本，在現(xiàn)有的微觀肌理與當(dāng)代大尺度社區(qū)之間實現(xiàn)平衡與協(xié)調(diào)。

Two contrasting sites have been selected: Yeongju, embedded in central Busan, and Anchang, isolated between forested ridgelines. Their differences make them ideal for testing a reproducible approach that balances and mediates their existing micro-grain urban fabric with the contemporary macro-scale estate.

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊從交通流線入手，而非直接從建筑形態(tài)出發(fā)。為補(bǔ)充政府的土地利用規(guī)劃，團(tuán)隊設(shè)計了一張步行網(wǎng)絡(luò)，將公交站、單軌車站、學(xué)校、公園、市場、登山口與寺廟等關(guān)鍵公共節(jié)點串聯(lián)起來，讓日常生活能夠在坡地間自然流動。

We began not with buildings, but with circulation. To supplement the government’s land-use plan, we choreographed a network of pedestrian corridors linking key public nodes – bus stops, monorail stations, schools, parks, markets, trailheads, temples – so that daily life could flow across each slope.

這一框架揭示出一系列由鄰近關(guān)系、坡度、可達(dá)性與景觀視野所定義的“口袋社區(qū)”。在每個“口袋”中，都需要權(quán)衡取舍，例如：坡度的穩(wěn)定性與車行通道、景觀視野與日照、共享平臺與獨立出入口之間的平衡。設(shè)計的目標(biāo)并非否定塔樓，而是在多樣化的建筑類型之間重新找到均衡。

This framework revealed natural ‘pocket neighborhoods’, shaped by adjacency, gradient, access, and view. Within each pocket, trade-offs had to be negotiated: slope retention vs. vehicle access; views vs. daylight; shared landings vs. granular entries. The aim was not to reject towers but to rebalance them among a richer composition of types.

最終規(guī)劃逐漸形成了四種類型：梯田式住宅、城市別墅、聯(lián)排住宅與塔樓。我們在每個場地上測試了坡度、日照、朝向與用地面積。當(dāng)多種類型都可行時，我們進(jìn)一步加入了定性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如鄰近公共空間的程度、通行坡度、景觀視野與立面變化。這種方法讓每個場地都能依據(jù)自身的地形、光線與社會邏輯生成獨特的組合。

Four categories emerged: terrace housing, urban villas, row housing, and towers. We tested them across each site for slope, solar access, orientation, and area. Where multiple types were viable, we layered in qualitative filters: adjacency to public space, access gradient, viewshed, and visual variety. This allowed each site to suggest its own composition, shaped by terrain, light, and social logic.

不同類型的建筑都被置于最適宜的位置：塔樓位于高點，別墅置于城市中心，聯(lián)排住宅沿山脊布置，梯田式住宅嵌入陡坡之中。最終呈現(xiàn)的并非單一解法，而是一幅經(jīng)精心調(diào)校的交織拼圖。社區(qū)不再由圍欄與停車場分割，而是圍繞臺階、平臺、露臺與小廣場構(gòu)成。流線成為社交空間，戶外成為共享場所，山坡上的生活再次變得可見。

Types were placed where they perform best: towers on high points, villas at urban centers, row houses along ridges, terraces embedded in steep pockets. The result is not a uniform solution, but a calibrated patchwork of interlocking zones. Instead of fences and parking decks, neighborhoods are structured around stairs, landings, terraces, and small squares. Circulation becomes social. Outdoor space becomes communal. Life on the hillside becomes visible again.

完整項目信息

Status: Ongoing

Year: 2025

Client: Busan Architecture Festival

Location: Busan, South Korea

Program: Masterplan

Partner: Chris van Duijn
Associate: John Thurtle

Team: Jeremy Chow, Felicia Gambino, Freddy Maggiorani, Suhin Park, Xaveer Roodbeen

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