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“未來的工廠能否擺脫生產空間的單調，
成為兼具可持續性、開放性和社會意義的場所？”

©圖源網絡

在大眾印象中，工廠意味著高墻圍合、巨大的廠房與永不停止的流水線，長期以來被視為封閉、單調、以效率為唯一目標的空間。在中國，工廠曾長期帶有粗糙甚至低級的刻板印象。而在當代，工廠已不再只是生產的容器，而逐漸成為能源轉型、生態責任與勞動條件等議題的集中體現。

正如勒菲伏爾在《空間的生產》（1974）中所指出的，空間不是中性的容器，而是社會關系的產物。工業建筑亦是如此，它不僅承載生產流程，也折射出資本邏輯與能源制度。由milanesi | paiusco設計的泰瑞GIGA工廠，正是在這一視角下展開，對工業建筑的過去、現在與未來進行新的思考。

In the public imagination, factories are tied to enclosing walls, vast sheds, and endless assembly lines—spaces long viewed as closed, monotonous, and efficiency-driven. In China, they were once seen as unsightly and low-grade, reinforcing negative stereotypes. Today, however, factories are no longer mere production containers; they increasingly embody questions of energy transition, ecological responsibility, and labor conditions.
As Henri Lefebvre argued in The Production of Space (1974), space is not neutral but produced through social relations. Industrial architecture likewise not only supports production processes but also mirrors the logic of capital and energy regimes. Tederic GIGA Factory, designed by milanesi|paiusco, seeks to reframe how we think about the past, present, and future of industrial architecture.

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工業建筑的過去與轉折點

The Past and Turning Point
in Industrial Architecture

1913年，亨利·福特將流水線與標準化生產引入位于底特律的Highland Park工廠，奠定了現代工業生產的典范。這一空間邏輯極大提升了生產效率，卻也將工人徹底納入紀律化的體系之中，他們被流水線規訓，勞動逐漸失去主體性。正因如此，福特制工廠被譽為「生產殿堂」，但同時也成為「勞動異化空間」的象征。

In 1913, Henry Ford introduced the assembly line and standardized production at the Highland Park Factory in Detroit, establishing a paradigm for modern industrial production. This spatial logic dramatically increased efficiency, but it also subjected workers to a rigid disciplinary system—shaped by the assembly line, labor gradually lost its autonomy. Fordist factories were celebrated as "cathedrals of production," yet they also became symbols of the "alienation of labor."

Highland Park工廠紀律化管理體系 ©圖源網絡

進入后工業化階段，中國開始面臨環境危機與社會訴求的雙重壓力。過去以犧牲工人福祉和環境為代價換取效率與增長的空間邏輯，正在被不斷質疑與修正，更加綠色、人本和可持續的工業轉型逐漸成為新的方向。

In the post-industrial stage, China has begun to face the dual pressures of environmental crises and social demands. The spatial logic of pursuing efficiency and growth at the expense of workers' welfare and the environment is being increasingly questioned and revised, while a greener, more human-centered, and sustainable industrial transformation is gradually emerging as the new direction.

綠色、人本和可持續的工業轉型 ©圖源網絡


可持續與零碳目標

Sustainability and
the Net-Zero Goal

在碳中和目標已成為全球共識的背景下，工業建筑因其高能耗與高排放特征，成為能源轉型與減碳實踐的關鍵場所。

通過引入光伏發電、可再生能源和循環利用等措施，工廠不再只是能源消耗者，而是逐步演化為具有生產與調節能力的能源節點。

With carbon neutrality now became a global consensus, industrial buildings—characterized by high energy consumption and high emissions—have become critical sites for energy transition and decarbonization.
By integrating photovoltaic systems, renewable energy, and recycling strategies, factories are no longer just energy consumers but are evolving into energy nodes with both productive and regulatory capacities.

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泰瑞GIGA工廠位于浙江省嘉興市桐鄉市經濟開發區，占地面積247畝（約164,666平方米），建筑面積244,581平方米。由金加工車間、注塑及壓鑄機組裝車間、辦公綜合樓、技術研發中心等多功能模塊構成。工廠由milanesi | paiusco負責建筑設計，旨在打造一個兼具高效生產與可持續發展的綠色創新型工業園區。建造歷時僅1年9個月，這座“零碳”未來工廠于2024年7月正式竣工投產。

Tederic GIGA Factory, located in the Economic Development Zone of Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, covering a site area of approximately 164,666 square meters and a gross floor area of around 244,581 square meters. It comprises machining workshops, injection molding and die-casting assembly halls, an office complex, and a testing lab. Designed by milanesi|paiusco, the project seeks to create an innovative green industrial park combining efficient production with sustainable development. After approximately 1 year and 9 months of construction, this "zero-carbon" factory was completed and inaugurated in July 2024.

功能分區 ©milanesi | paiusco

工廠屋頂所設置的11.69MW光伏發電系統，是其綠色能源體系的核心，其年均發電量可達1142.23萬kWh，相當于4000戶普通家庭一年的用電量。

At the core of its green energy system is an 11.69 MW rooftop photovoltaic array, producing an annual average of 11.4223 million kWh—equivalent to the yearly consumption of 4,000 households.

設計概念 ©milanesi | paiusco

該系統使工廠實現了接近100%的能源自供，全面覆蓋生產與運營所需，同時將37%的余電并入電網，為區域可再生能源供應作出貢獻，積極推動零碳目標的實現。

This system allows the factory to achieve nearly 100% energy self-sufficiency, fully covering operational demand while channeling 37% of surplus electricity back into the grid, contributing to regional renewable supply and advancing the zero-carbon agenda.

屋頂光伏發電系統 ©山間影像

除此之外，工廠還通過雨水收集系統實現水資源的循環利用，用于周邊綠化的日常澆灌。廠區周邊則規劃了小型農業區，不僅為食堂提供蔬菜供應，也兼具綠化功能，同時為工人提供了休閑與體驗的空間。

In addition, a rainwater collection and reuse system supports water recycling across the campus. The surrounding area integrates small-scale agricultural plots that supply vegetables for the canteen, add to the site's greenery, and create opportunities for workers' leisure.

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建筑語言：
功能與美學的融合

Fusion of Function
and Aesthetics

工業建筑的外觀在很長一段時間里往往被視為附屬，呈現出封閉、沉重、缺乏設計感的形象。20世紀初，德國阿爾菲爾德的Fagus工廠以鋼結構與大面積玻璃幕墻打破了傳統厚重的立面形象，成為現代主義工業建筑的里程碑，為功能與美學的結合奠定了基礎。

For a long period, the appearance of industrial buildings was often considered secondary, presenting a closed, heavy, and uninspired aesthetic. In the early 20th century, the Fagus Factory in Alfeld, Germany, pioneered the use of steel structures and glass curtain walls, breaking with traditional heavy forms and becoming a milestone in modernist industrial design—laying the groundwork for the integration of function and aesthetics.

Fagus工廠 ©圖源網絡

進入當代，工業建筑被賦予了超越單純生產的意義，其設計與美學不再是附屬，而成為承載功能與表達價值的重要方式。

In the contemporary era, industrial architecture has taken on a meaning beyond pure production, where design and aesthetics are no longer secondary but serve as vital means of fulfilling functions and conveying values.

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泰瑞GIGA工廠的設計也以自身方式回應了這一趨勢——在強調功能與適應性的同時，通過立面、頂面、光線和材料選擇展現了簡潔、理性的工業美學。

Tederic GIGA Factory responds to this trajectory in its own way—emphasizing functionality and adaptability while articulating a restrained, rational industrial aesthetic through its façade, top surface, lighting, and material strategy.

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由于客戶的生產需求，工廠高度較高、體量龐大。設計通過屋頂及立面虛實的對比處理，使厚重體量在視覺上轉向輕盈，不僅保障了卸貨作業空間的功能性，也有效削弱了龐大尺度帶來的壓迫感，增強了通透與開放的空間氛圍，讓建筑外觀擺脫了方正單調的「黑盒子」印象。

The factory's considerable height and mass, required by production demands, are balanced through a design strategy that combines a glazed ground floor with more enclosed upper levels, together with steel-framed canopies and articulated façade layers. These elements ensure the functionality of unloading areas while softening the building's scale, improving spatial transparency, and breaking away from the rigid monotony of a "black box."

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屋頂以及立面通過太陽能板鋼架雨篷以及體量的高低錯落排布，豐富了建筑的層次關系，進一步弱化了大體量的生硬感，使整體構圖更具韻律感與層次感。

The roof and façades, through the arrangement of solar-panel steel canopies and staggered building volumes, enrich the architectural layering, further softening the rigidity of the large mass and bringing greater rhythm and depth to the overall composition.

首層玻璃立面制造懸浮感 ©山間影像

玻璃幕墻與瓦楞板組合立面打破傳統封閉模式，實現最大化自然采光，提升空間通透感，降低照明能耗。立面玻璃與瓦楞板的比例配置，使建筑在視覺上豎向縮減約3–4米，有效減輕大體量工業建筑的壓迫感，呈現出更為輕盈的效果。

The façade departs from traditional closed models, combining glass curtain walls and corrugated panels to maximize daylight penetration, enhance openness, and reduce lighting energy use. The ground-floor façade employs glass or corrugated steel to visually shorten the building by 3–4 meters, effectively mitigating the oppressive scale of its mass and producing a lighter appearance.

與玻璃相近的反光效果 ©山間影像

非展示區域以不銹鋼瓦楞板替代玻璃，使立面保持與玻璃相近的反光效果，確保整體協調統一，同時顯著壓縮造價。

Non-display areas use stainless-steel corrugated panels instead of glass, maintaining reflective qualities close to glass, ensuring overall visual consistency, while significantly reducing costs.


工廠與工人：
人文關懷的空間

Factories and Workers:
Human-Centered Care Space

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工廠建筑不僅是生產效率的機器，更是成千上萬工人日常勞動與生活的空間。傳統工廠不僅體現為一種生產模式，也塑造了一種嚴格的空間秩序：封閉、昏暗、與外部環境隔絕的格局，使工人失去了主體性與舒適感。

然而當代工業建筑正逐漸呈現出新的趨勢——在確保生產效率的同時，引入更多自然光線、綠化與景觀，使工作環境更加開放宜人，泰瑞GIGA工廠的園區布局正是這一理念的體現。

Factories are not merely machines of efficiency; they are the spaces where thousands of workers spend their daily labor and lives. Traditional factories embodied not only a mode of production but also a strict spatial order: enclosed, dim, and isolated from the environment, stripping workers of agency and comfort.
In contrast, contemporary industrial architecture increasingly seeks to combine efficiency with well-being—introducing daylight, greenery, and landscape elements to create open and pleasant work environments. The layout of Tederic GIGA Factory exemplifies this shift.

園區綠化 ©山間影像


高效生產流線

Efficient production flowlines

工廠規劃了兩大核心生產車間，南側金加工車間負責零部件的加工和熱處理，北側組裝車間自西向東依次布局大、中、小型機裝配線。設計采用高效的單向流線體系，使物流動線、生產流線與出貨路徑緊密銜接，避免回流與交叉，提升整體協同效率并確保順暢運轉。

The factory is organized around two core workshops. To the south, machining and heat treatment; to the north, assembly lines arranged west-to-east by scale (large, medium, small). A streamlined one-way system integrates logistics, production, and outbound flows, minimizing backtracking and intersections, improving coordination, and ensuring efficient operation.

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首層落地玻璃

Ground-floor glazing

首層設置3米高的落地玻璃，使車間內部與外部景觀相連。打破了傳統工廠「黑盒子」的格局，工人能夠在日常工作中看見藍天與綠植，緩解長期處于封閉空間帶來的壓抑感。

Three-meter-high glass panels connect interiors with exterior views, breaking the "black-box" typology of traditional workshops and allowing workers visual access to sky and greenery, alleviating the psychological burden of confinement.

首層落地玻璃室內視角 ©山間影像


辦公區與休憩區

Integrated office and leisure zones

辦公區中部挑空形成屋頂陽臺，最大化引入自然采光與綠化，不僅提供舒適的綠色休憩與交流場所，也讓辦公環境與生產空間形成柔性過渡。

A central atrium creates a rooftop terrace, maximizing daylight and greenery. This green respite fosters social interaction and provides a gradient transition between administrative and production spaces.

屋頂陽臺 ©山間影像

這種兼顧效率與關懷的設計，不僅改善了工人的日常體驗，也間接提升了生產效率與創造力。它將表明，工業建筑中的「軟性價值」并非附屬，而是推動生產力延伸與創新的關鍵動力。

Such a balance of efficiency and care both improves workers' daily experience and indirectly enhances productivity and creativity. It underscores that "soft values" in industrial architecture are not peripheral but vital drivers of extended productivity and innovation.

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未來圖景：
工業建筑與社會的關系

Future Perspectives
of Industrial Architecture

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「更好」并不一定意味著「更貴」

"better" does not necessarily mean
"more expensive"

泰瑞GIGA工廠
更注重「適應性」
功能先行
務實與經濟性并存

傳統工廠
以「成本最低化」為導向
黑箱式車間
只滿足生產的基本需求

Tederic GIGA Factory: Prioritizes adaptability, where functionality, pragmatism, and economy coexist.
Traditional factories: Guided by lowest-cost logic, with workshops that satisfy basic production needs.

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泰瑞GIGA工廠證明，「更好」并不一定意味著「更貴」。其整體建造成本與傳統工廠大體持平，部分環節甚至更加經濟。通過合理的規劃與材料選擇，設計實現了更高的能效、更舒適的空間體驗以及更優的環境品質。

Tederic GIGA Factory demonstrates that "better" does not necessarily mean "more expensive." Its overall construction cost is broadly comparable to that of conventional factories, with certain aspects proving even more economical. Through rational planning and material choices, the design achieves higher energy efficiency, more comfortable spatial experience, and improved environmental quality.

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未來的工廠，不再是隱匿于城市邊緣的生產裝置，而是社會運行的重要節點。工業建筑應該回應具體語境與生產邏輯，而不是追求普適的「最佳方案」。它們將同時承擔制造、能源、生態與文化的多重使命，成為定義未來城市與社會關系的新型基礎設施。

The factory of the future will no longer be a concealed device on the urban periphery but a critical node in social and ecological systems. Industrial architecture should respond to specific contexts and production logics, rather than seek universal formulas. It will simultaneously serve as a site of production, an energy hub, an ecological laboratory, and a cultural platform—reshaping the relationship between cities, societies, and industry.

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項目信息

項目名稱：泰瑞GIGA工廠（桐鄉）
項目地址：浙江省嘉興市桐鄉市
項目業主：浙江泰瑞裝備有限公司
設計時間：2022年4月 - 2024年2月
建造時間：2022年10月 - 2024年7月
用地面積：164,666平方米
建筑面積：244,581平方米
項目設計：milanesi | paiusco
主創設計師：Claudio Milanesi、Diego Paiusco
建筑設計團隊：李哲楨、唐得智、李東洋、蔡舜欣
項目&設計管理：milanesi | paiusco
圖片版權：山間影像、milanesi | paiusco

Project Information
Project name: Tederic GIGA Factory (Tongxiang)
Project location: Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
Project client: Zhejiang Tederic Equipment Co., Ltd.
Design year:  April 2022 - February 2024
Construction time: October 2022 - July 2024
Site area: 164,666 sqm
Gross floor area: 244,581 sqm
Project design: milanesi | paiusco
Chief Architect: Claudio Milanesi, Diego Paiusco
Design team: Li Zhezhen, Tang Dezhi, Li Dongyang, Cai Shunxin
Project & Design management: milanesi | paiusco
Photo credit: Shan-jian images, milanesi | paiusco


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