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設計單位? 中國建筑西北設計研究院有限公司
項目地點? 陜西榆林
建成時間? 2023年7月
建筑面積? 3843.00平方米
本文文字由設計單位提供。
01 千溝萬壑，崇墉百雉
Thousands of ravines, towering and majestic city walls
榆林在陜西的北部，是歷史上我國西北部游牧民族與中原農耕民眾的“番漢雜居”之地。古老的長城從周赧王、秦昭襄王到明代，一直見證著當地邊塞文化特色的存在。馳名中外的“楊家將”的老家——神木的楊家城，就是秦、明長城交點上一處榆林邊塞文化的歷史遺存。楊家城就是唐宋時代的麟州城，位于榆林市神木縣城東北約20公里。
Yulin, situated in the northern part of Northern Shaanxi, has historically been a place where nomadic tribes from northwest China and agricultural people from the Central Plains coexisted, embodying the "mixed residence of barbarians and Han people". The ancient Great Wall has been a witness to the local borderland cultural characteristics, spanning from King Nan of Zhou and King Zhaoxiang of Qin to the Ming Dynasty. Yangjiacheng in Shenmu, the hometown of the renowned "Yang Family Generals" known both domestically and abroad, stands as a historical relic of Yulin's border culture at the intersection of the Qin and Ming Great Walls. Yangjiacheng was once Linzhou City during the Tang and Song dynasties. Located about 20 kilometers northeast of Shenmu County in Yulin City.
城址現存面積約69.3公頃，規模較大，城墻輪廓清晰，大多為黃土夯筑。城墻由主墻及外部護坡組成，門洞、墩臺、馬面、甕城、城背齊全。整個城址分為紫錦城、東城、西城三個小城，均屬于保護范圍。保護展示中心項目位于東城以南，陽城村東北部，緊鄰城址，屬于建設控制地帶。
The existing area of the city site is about 69.3 hectares, which is relatively large in scale. The outline of the city wall is clear, and most of it is constructed by rammed earth. The city wall consists of a main wall and external slope protection, with complete doorways, piers, horse faces, moats, and city backs. The entire city site is divided into three small towns: Zijin City, Dongcheng City, and Xicheng City, which are within the scope of protection. The Protection Exhibition Center is located south of Dongcheng, northeast of Yangcheng Village, adjacent to the city site, and belongs to the construction control zone.
楊家城遺址西瀕窟野河，北臨草地溝，東至桃峁梁，南接麻堰溝。遺址依山形建造，平面呈不規則長條型，南北長1000余米，東西寬300米左右，呈東高西低之勢。歷經千年的風雨滄桑，城內留下了大量的歷史遺存。整個遺址區內現有各類遺跡現象95處，其中門址10處，墩臺2處，馬面5處，角樓3處，夯土基址2處。其中，西城發現建筑遺址35處，東城發現建筑遺址11處，紫錦城發現建筑遺址9處。
The Yangjiacheng Site is bordered by the Kuye River to the west, Caodi Gou to the north, Taomaoliang to the east, and Mayan Gou to the south. The site is built in the shape of a mountain, with an irregular rectangular plan that is over 1000 meters long from north to south and about 300 meters wide from east to west, forming a trend of being high in the east and low in the west. Yang Jiacheng has gone through thousands of years of wind and rain, leaving behind a large amount of food relics. There are 95 types of relics in the entire site area, including 10 gate sites, 2 piers and abutments, 5 horse faces, 3 corner towers, and 2 rammed earth foundation sites. 35 architectural sites were discovered in Xicheng, 11 in Dongcheng, and 9 in Zijin City.
作為流傳千年的古城遺址，楊家城身上體現著邊塞文化、楊家將文化、陜北黃土文化和草原游牧文化等多種類型文化的交融。這些豐富多彩的文化內涵，構成了遺址文化旅游資源的核心和主體。通過對其旅游資源、地貌特征、城址遺址等進行分析，我們可以更好地選擇展示保護中心的位置，以傳承和宣傳楊家城的傳奇。
As an ancient city site that has been passed down for thousands of years, it embodies the fusion of various types of cultures such as frontier culture, Yangjiajiang culture, Shaanbei loess culture, and grassland nomadic culture. These rich and diverse cultural connotations constitute the core and main body of cultural tourism resources in archaeological sites. By analyzing its tourism resources, geomorphic features, and city ruins, we can better choose the location to showcase the protection center, in order to better inherit and promote the legend of Yangjiacheng.
02 低碳節能，地域建構
Low carbon and energy-saving, regional construction
考慮最基本的需求，我們在設計初期從大的布局方面進行定案。深入設計后，再針對特定的拱形元素進行結構建筑專業探討，以形成新型的拱形建構方式，同時對外墻砌筑與大空間的需求，也進行了合理的荷載預留。
In the initial design, consider the most basic needs and make a final decision from the perspective of the overall layout; After in-depth design, a professional exploration of structural architecture is conducted for specific arch elements to form a new type of arch construction method. Reasonable load reservation and structural form requirements are also made for external wall masonry and large space needs.
土建框架搭建起來后，我們結合展覽、辦公和加固改造的需求目標，對外立面進行藝術性考量，以及一些細節尺度的把控，如：拱形的弧度、展覽部分的整體高度、屋面拱形與成型的平面種植槽的交接、種植屋面的排水設計、立面柱式細節構造、當地砌筑的辦公區女兒墻細節、室內拱頂空間的特殊部分等，進行反復推敲。
After the construction of the civil framework, consideration is given to the artistic aspects of the exterior facade in response to exhibition needs, office requirements, and reinforcement and renovation goals. Some details and scales are controlled, such as the curvature of the arch, the overall height of the exhibition section, the transition between the roof arch and the formed flat planting groove, the drainage design of the planting roof, the detailed construction of the facade column, the details of the locally built office area parapet, and the special parts of the indoor arch space, which are repeatedly scrutinized.
新型拱形結構的搭建體系：展覽部分為地上一層，屋蓋為多組單跨雙筒拱形屋面。設計結構時，我們結合建筑屋面造型，提出了一種新型的鋼筋混凝土框架結構形式。其中，樓板由多組拱形板組成，東西向框架梁采用Y形梁作為拱形樓板的支座，南北向框架梁采用底部為拱形的異形梁，Y形梁支承于異形框架梁的跨中位置，多組拱形板之間的水平力可以相互抵消，實現自平衡。
The structural major has proposed a new form of reinforced concrete frame structure, in which the floor slab is composed of multiple sets of arched plates. The east-west frame beam uses Y-shaped beams as the support for the arched floor slab, while the north-south frame beam uses irregular beams with arched bottoms. The Y-shaped beams are supported at the mid span position of the irregular frame beam, and the horizontal forces between multiple sets of arched plates can cancel each other out, achieving self balance.
大跨度的通長空間：展廳內的大跨度通長空間是項目的特色空間之一。新型的Y形梁作為拱形板底主要支撐，在這樣的搭建體系里還需考慮屋面種植覆土及焦渣混凝土的固定荷載，而且抽掉中心縱深的3根柱子也給設計帶來了較大的考驗。
The large-span and full-length space in the exhibition hall is one of its characteristics. The new Y-shaped beam serves as the main support for the arched slab bottom. In such a construction system, the fixed load of roof planting cover soil and slag concrete also needs to be considered. Pulling out the three columns in the center depth also forms a large test.
墻體砌筑：砌筑是我們在建設過程中比較困擾的一件事。既有的材料、工藝，可否在現有高度下實施？盡管設計初期預留了承載荷載的厚度和結構圈梁、拉結梁的方式等，但是在實際建構中還是會有柱子、墻體過高，恐傾倒等風險，我們必須在實驗中確定可行性。
The issue of masonry is a difficult problem for us in the construction process. Whether the materials and techniques used can be implemented at the existing height, despite the thickness of the reserved load-bearing capacity and the design of structural ring beams, tie beams, and other methods in the initial stage, there are still risks such as high walls and columns, and the risk of tipping over in actual construction. Therefore, actual experiments must be conducted for masonry.
本土化設計又可稱為地域建筑設計，這類型的設計更多的是讓建筑成為其本身，而不是設計者自身想象，它應當是充分的考慮當地的民風、宅風、生活規律、建構特色后，加入一定成分的創新在其中。這個設計充分體現了建構的涉獵范圍，它是一個跟時間、人、交叉技術相關的立體維度的建立過程，在這個過程中，我們也在其中隨時修正著設計本身。另外，所有相關專業交叉配合及施工作業都不是一蹴而就的過程。在營運后的一段時間，我們仍舊在接受修改和增加的任務，以便讓這個建筑更加豐滿。
Localized design, also referred to as regional architectural design, focuses more on allowing the building to express itself, rather than being constrained by the designer's own imagination. It entails thorough consideration of local customs, architectural styles, and lifestyle patterns, incorporating distinctive features while maintaining a certain degree of innovation. This design fully showcases the diverse scope of construction, representing a three-dimensional process intertwined with time, people, and interdisciplinary technology. Throughout this process, we continually refine the design itself. The cross-disciplinary coordination and the operability of construction work are not processes that can be achieved in one go. After a period of operation, we continued to accept tasks of modification and addition in order to enhance the functionality of the building.
03 忠勇麟州，英雄故里
Loyal and Brave Linzhou, Hometown of Heroes
保護展示中心在投入使用后，我們在網絡上關注到民眾對其的關注，看到關于它的相關詞匯：神秘、守護、藝術、打卡、豐富的故事文化、英雄故里、古風建筑等等。一系列的描述，恰恰說明了這不僅僅是建筑師的一個作品，而是民眾喜聞樂見的一個好去處。
After the Yangjiacheng Protection Exhibition Center was put into use, we noticed the copywriting and the public's attention on the internet. We saw related vocabulary about it, such as mystery, protection, art, check-in, rich story culture, heroic hometown, ancient style architecture, spiritual baptism, etc. This series of descriptions and existence precisely shows that it is not just a work of architects, but a popular destination for the public.
完整項目信息
項目名稱：熔古鑄今——麟州故城：保護展示中心
項目類型：建筑更新設計
項目地點：陜西省榆林市神木市
設計時間：2020.5—2021.8
建設時間：2021.8—2023.7
用地面積：2781.00平方米
建筑面積：3843.00平方米
設計單位：中國建筑西北設計研究院有限公司
聯系方式：282527445@qq.com
主創建筑師：呂成、梁瀟文、曹惠源
設計團隊：
規劃：朱春紅
建筑：梁瀟文、曹惠源、許佳軼
結構：陶倍林
機電：李垚、楊鵬輝、吳昊雪
景觀：朱春紅、宋哲
室內：林曦、田野、畢鵬、張好、祁昂
照明：王瑩斌、梁艷
幕墻：雷軍
室內設計：深圳市中裝建設集團股份有限公司
業主：神木市楊家城保護建設工作領導小組指揮部
攝影師：叁山攝影 李軍
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