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Fielden Fowles creates "living laboratory" in Natural History Museum gardens

由專筑網鄭京，小R編譯

倫敦Feilden Fowles建筑工作室和 J&L Gibbons工作室一起對倫敦自然歷史博物館的花園進行了改造，圍繞兩座木結構建筑種植了景觀植物。

這是該博物館 140 年來的首次大修。博物館的花園被劃分為不同的區域，通過景觀種植和標識講述地球物種的故事。

Planted landscapes are woven around a pair of timber-framed buildings in the Natural History Museum gardens in London, revamped by local studios Feilden Fowles and J&L Gibbons.
Overhauled for the first time in the museum's 140-year history, the gardens have been pided into different zones with planting and signage that aim to tell the story of life on Earth.

▲ Fielden Fowles建筑工作室和 J&L Gibbons工作室重新設計了自然歷史博物館的花園
Fielden Fowles and J&L Gibbons have redesigned the Natural History Museum gardens

據Fielden Fowles和 J&L Gibbons工作室所說，該項目的目標是在提高城市景觀的生物多樣性、最大限度地提高花園的可達性的同時，保留博物館建筑的原始狀態，這座建筑由建筑師Alfred Waterhouse設計。

設計團隊還引入了一系列學習和研究自然的設施，讓兒童、科學家和志愿者們能夠對花園進行觀察。

According to Feilden Fowles and J&L Gibbons, the goal of the project is to boost the biopersity of the urban landscape and maximise the accessibility of the gardens, all while remaining sensitive to the architecture of the Grade I-listed museum by architect Alfred Waterhouse.
The team also aimed to introduce a range of nature-based learning and research facilities, allowing the gardens to be observed by children, scientists and volunteers.

▲ 古生物學大樓旁邊設計了一個花園廚房
The Garden Kitchen sits beside the Palaeontology building

建筑設計師Edmund Fowles說：“我們設計的核心指導思想，便是尊重這個由Alfred Waterhouse建筑師設計的博物館標志性的一級保護建筑遺產，它被稱為‘自然大教堂’，他的設計非常著名，正面有著復雜的動植物裝飾，東翼是滅絕物種，西翼是現存或幸存的自然物種。這個想法也在花園的設計中得到了很好的體現。”

"Respecting the heritage of the museum's iconic Grade I-listed building, designed by Alfred Waterhouse and dubbed a 'cathedral to nature', was a core guiding principle," architect Edmund Fowles told Dezeen.
"Waterhouse's famous facade boasts intricate decoration of flora and fauna, with extinct species on the east wing and extant, or surviving, nature on the west," he continued. "This idea is beautifully reflected through the design of the gardens."

▲ 另增建了一座名為“自然活動中心”的建筑
Another building called the Nature Activity Centre has been added

工作室的設計是自然歷史博物館城市自然項目的一部分，當前社會氣候變化和城市化威脅日益加劇，該項目則在城市地區進行自然環境保護。

博物館的高級項目經理Natalie Tacq說：“花園是這個項目的一部分，已經被改造成一個可達的綠色空間，它將成為人和野生動物的避風港，一個‘生態實驗室’，讓博物館的花園成為世界上同類研究最深入的地點之一。”

The studios' design forms part of the Natural History Museum's Urban Nature Project, which is focused on protecting nature in urban areas that are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change and urbanisation.
"As part of this project, the gardens have been transformed into an accessible green space that will be a haven for people and wildlife, and a living laboratory that will make the gardens one of the most intensively studied sites of its kind in the world," said the museum's senior project manager Natalie Tacq.

▲ 自然活動中心設計有一個懸挑的屋頂
The Nature Activity Centre has an overhanging roof

博物館花園景觀劃分出了不同的區域，包括“進化花園”、“自然活動中心”、“自然探索花園”和“花園廚房”。

據Fielden Fowles建筑工作室稱，“進化花園”種植了能夠呈現生物學遠久歷史的綠色植物，包括從 5.4 億年前的寒武紀到現在的地質歷史時期。

The different areas carved out within the landscape are the Evolution Garden, the Nature Activity Centre, the Nature Discovery Garden and the Garden Kitchen.
According to Feilden Fowles, the Evolution Garden was planted with greenery that tells the story of deep time – the stretch of geological history from the Cambrian period 540 million years ago to the present day.

▲ 設計團隊借鑒了維多利亞時代的建筑
It takes cues from Victorian architecture. Photo by Jim Stephenson

花園廚房位于博物館現代主義古生物學大樓的地下室下方，以這些綠色植物為背景。雖然華苑廚房目前尚未正式開放，但它包含廚房、儲藏室、浴室、多功能廳和植物室等多個功能區。

這座 660 平方米的線性建筑由石灰石和木材組合而成，其設計風格取自如橘園和棕櫚屋等維多利亞式結構。

This forms a backdrop to the Garden Kitchen, which slots beneath the undercroft of the museum's modernist Palaeontology building. Though yet to officially open, it contains kitchens, storage, bathrooms, a function room and a plant room.
The linear 660-square-metre building is formed from a combination of limestone and timber and takes visual cues from Victorian structures such as orangeries and palm houses.

▲ 池塘內有一條下沉式通道
There is a sunken pathway within the ponds. Photo by Jim Stephenson

同時，場地西側的“自然探索花園”也進行了景觀設計，展示著英國各種類型的自然棲息地。它的設計旨在盡量減少對同一地塊上現有的野生動物花園的干擾。

這個花園也是 220 平方米的“自然活動中心”的所在地，并提供了從西北方向進入博物館的一條新的入口通道。

Meanwhile, the Nature Discovery Garden at the west of the site is landscaped to illustrate various natural habitats in the UK. It was designed to minimise disruption to a pre-existing wildlife garden on the same plot.
This garden is also home to the 220-square-metre Nature Activity Centre and provides an access route to a new entrance into the museum from the northwest.

▲ 一只真人大小的恐龍模型坐落在花園里
A life-size model of a dinosaur sits in the gardens. Photo by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum

與“花園廚房”類似，“自然活動中心”也有一個由木材和石頭建造的線性結構。它的頂部是一個由木材制成的懸挑屋頂，并設計有雨水收集集成系統。

該結構貫穿于博物館中保護樹根的區域，其中容納了科學工作和監測、花園維護和教學的混合設施。

Similarly to the Garden Kitchen, the Nature Activity Centre has a linear form built with timber and stone. It is crowned by an overhanging roof made from timber, which integrates a rainwater collection system.
The structure cuts between areas with protected tree roots and houses a mix of facilities for scientific work and monitoring, garden maintenance and teaching.

▲ 花園標識講述著地球地球物種的故事
The gardens aim to tell the story of life on Earth. Photo by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum

據 Feilden Fowles 建筑工作室介紹，這兩座建筑有著相似的美學風格，有助于保持整個場地的風格統一，同時，它們的高度也與Alfred Waterhouse建筑師設計的博物館的基準線保持一致。

設計團隊說：“我們將這兩座建筑設想成兄妹建筑，它們共享著諸如線性規劃、轉角入口、分層承重石墻和外露的木框架屋頂等元素。這種簡潔、原始的語言意在經久不衰，但一些細微的點綴，比如旋轉的、略帶裝飾的角柱，是對Alfred Waterhouse杰作中某些更為華麗和俏皮的裝飾的致敬。”

花園的設計還包括花園小徑上的裝飾性黃銅鑲嵌和引用自然歷史學家David Attenborough話語的青銅字母。同時，由白堊和燧石等材料制成的長椅也點綴在整個景觀中，旨在展現不同地質時代元素。花園旁邊還設計了一個名為Fern的真人大小的恐龍骨架青銅鑄件。

J&L Gibbons 工作室的合伙人Neil Davidson最喜歡的自然歷史博物館的設計是池塘內的下沉式小徑。

他說：“我們設計這個空間是為各個年齡段的人們提供便利的機會，讓他們接觸水中豐富多樣的動植物群，參與諸如池塘采樣之類的學習活動，并沉浸在濕地棲息地這樣的自然環境之中，這在倫敦市中心是非常難得的。”

According to Feilden Fowles, the two buildings share a similar aesthetic to help unify them across the site, while their heights aligns with datums of the Waterhouse-designed museum.
"The two buildings were conceived as brother and sister, sharing motifs such as their linear plans, expressed corner entrances, layered, load-bearing stone facades and expressed timber framed roofs," said Fowles.
"This simple, primitive language is intended to be timeless and yet small flourishes of detail, such as rotated, and faintly ornamented corner columns are a nod to some of the more exuberant and witty decoration of Waterhouse's masterpiece."
Completing the gardens are decorative brass inlays in the pathways and bronze letters quoting natural historian David Attenborough. Benches that evoke different geological eras are also dotted throughout the landscape, formed of materials including chalk and flint, alongside a life-size bronze cast of a dinosaur skeleton called Fern.
J&L Gibbons partner Neil Davidson's favourite feature is the sunken pathway within the ponds.
"We designed this space to provide accessible opportunities for everyone of all ages to engage with the rich persity of flora and fauna in the water, to participate in learning activities such as pond dipping and to be immersed in the wetland habitats which is a rare opportunity in a central London location," he told Dezeen.

▲ 兩座建筑均由木材和石材建成
Both buildings are made of wood and stone. Photo by Jim Stephenson

花園中還為博物館科學家們們設計了隱蔽的“地下科學監測點網絡”，用于觀察景觀并了解城市地區的自然變化。

Neil Davidson補充說：“這些隱蔽的傳感器網絡將從整個花園收集音頻和環境數據，以幫助博物館的科學家們了解和支持英國城市的自然環境的恢復。”

Less visible features of the garden include "an underground web of scientific monitoring points" for the museum's scientists to observe the landscape and understand how nature is changing in urban areas.
"The network of sensors that have been sensitively incorporated into the design will gather
audio and environmental data from across the gardens," added Davidson. "This data will help the museum's scientists to understand and support UK urban nature recovery."

▲ “自然活動中心”包含研究設施
The Nature Activity Centre contains research facilities

為了減少項目的碳足跡，項目盡可能使用當地采購的材料。這種被動式設計原則有助于與空氣源熱泵一起為建筑降溫及保暖。

Feilden Fowles 建筑工作室由Fergus Feilden和Fowles于 2009 年在倫敦創立。其近期的其他項目包括劍橋大學的木結構餐廳和約克郡雕塑公園的韋斯頓游客中心。

To reduce the carbon footprint of the project, locally sourced materials have been used where possible. Passive design principles help cool and warm the buildings in tandem with air-source heat pumps.
Feilden Fowles is a London studio founded by Fergus Feilden with Fowles in 2009. Its other recent projects include a timber-framed dining hall at the University of Cambridge and The Weston visitor centre at Yorkshire Sculpture Park.

Photo by Jim Stephenson

Photo by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum

除非另有說明，照片均由Kendal Noctor拍攝。

The photography is by Kendal Noctor unless stated otherwise.


項目信息：

建筑師：Feilden Fowles 建筑工作室
景觀設計師：J&L Gibbons 工作室
3D 設計：Gitta Gschwendtner
結構工程師：EngineersHRW
弗恩工程師：Structure Workshop
機械、電氣、照明和聲學工程師：Max Fordham
主要承包商：Walter Lilly
項目管理：Mace
工料測量師：Mace
可持續發展顧問：Mace
規劃顧問：Deloitte and Lichfields
遺產顧問：Purcell
無障礙顧問：Earnescliffe
土木工程：Infrastruct CS
行人流量：Buro Happold
專業種植顧問：Fossil Plants

Project credits:
Architect: Feilden Fowles
Landscape architect: J&L Gibbons
3D design: Gitta Gschwendtner
Structural engineers: EngineersHRW
Fern engineer: Structure Workshop
M&E, Lighting and Acoustic engineers: Max Fordham
Principal contractor: Walter Lilly
Project management: Mace
Quantity surveyor: Mace
Sustainability consultant: Mace
Planning consultant: Deloitte and Lichfields
Heritage consultant: Purcell
Access consultant: Earnescliffe
Civil engineering: Infrastruct CS
Pedestrian flow: Buro Happold
Specialist planting consultant: Fossil Plants

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